Types of transformer based on construction

Types of transformer with diagram    

 

     Hi friends today I will explain about the  Types of transformer based on construction, I will tell you, about 29 types of the transformers, before we starting if ,you like my article so please share this in your facebook, whatsapp, instagram  and any other social media groups ,also follow my web site www.automationwale.in 

1) Isolation & non-isolation type transformer,

                                                                                             

     Isolation type transformer and non-isolation type transformer is shown in a figure above.

     Isolation transformer, has separate primary & secondary winding, these 2 winding, have no direct electrical connection, primary & secondary, have isolation in between them, so, it is call isolation transformer.

     In non-isolation type, it has one winding, tap is taken from the winding, primary and secondary is taken from one winding, no isolation between primary & secondary, there is direct electrical connection  between 2 winding, so it is called non-isolating type, 

    If both the transformers have same rating, say 1KW or 1 KVA, then Non Isolation type is cheaper, Automatic voltage stabilizer in homes use this type transformer.

2) Potential transformer

                              

       this is called potential type because, this transformer is used to measure voltage, these will have less rating, very small load is connected at the output, output cann’t give more power, but ratio of the output & input voltage will be accurate, so voltage measurement can be done correctly,

 3) Current transformer

                              

        They are basically 2 types, 1st type is bar type, primary is single turn, single wire act as a 1 turn of the winding.

        There are 2 winding are here in 2nd type, one for primary and one for the secondary, load is always connected to the secondary, this load is not part of the CT, we have to connect the load.

classification of transformer,types of transformer pdf

 4) Power transformer

                             

         Small and big, all sizes are available, single and 3 phase both type, some transformer may have many winding, these are use for  power  transferred from primary to secondary, voltage accuracy is less for this type, whenever load is connected, a load will be there at the output, if we change the load then, output voltage will also change little bit.

types of distribution transformer

        5) Distribution transformer.

        

      This is single line diagram, these transformers are used for the, distribution of power to our homes, the 33KV coming from substation in step down transformer, the 400 volts supply goes to homes, power is distributed, so this is called distribution transformer,

 Here, 4 types of step type transformers,

6)  Step up transformer

 

    Secondary voltage is more than primary voltage, so it is called step-up transformer.

7) Step-down transformer

               Step-down means, reducing the voltage, primary voltage will be more and secondary voltage will be less, 

8) Many step transformer

                  In this Transformer  there are many tapping in secondary, these are called steps or tap, this step can be used for more voltage, this connection is for less voltage, so less or more voltage can be selected

types of transformer based on construction

 9) Mid tapping transformer

                        In this transformer secondary have a tapping in the middle, this is used generally in the power supply, connect diode in terminal then it will become full wave rectifier.

 10) Auto transformer single phase,

       This is just like non isolating type transformer, primary is input supply and secondary is voltage output.

transformer types and working pdf

 11) variable auto transformer

      ( figure is same like above)

       In this type output is variable, so, it’s called variable auto transformer, you must have seen this in college lab, this is also called variac.

12) Auto transformer 3 phase,

       Above we discuss about single phase auto transformer, this is similar, but with 3 phases.

13) variable auto transformer 3 phase, 

      3 phase auto transformer is similar to single phase auto transformer, but with 3 winding and all 3 winding output can be varied.

electric transformer

14) Zigzag or earthing transformer

           There are 6 winding, 2 coils  in all 3 phases, A,B,C these 3 points, are connected to 3 phase of the supply, this is used in high voltage application, neutral is grounded, there is no other load, this is used for earthing.

 15) Capacitor voltage transformer

      

       It is also called as CVT, if high voltage 33KV or 220 KV , is to be measured, then isolation transformer becomes costly, so what we do? 1st we divide the voltage using 2 capacitors then we get a small voltage, then we connect a small transformer, so cost will be less, whatever voltage is there in output, this output voltage will be proportional to that input. 

16) SMPS type transformer      

               This is also called switch transformer, this is used generally in SMPS supply, this can work at high frequency, if you take a normal transformer, then time response delay will be more, But in better quality of SMPS transformer,  the rise time and delay will be low.

 17) Pulse transformer, 

     Pulse transformer is like SMPS transformer, Continuous pulse will come in SMPS transformer, but pulse transformer, have few or one pulse at the input, it will comes once, then after some time another pulse will come, it is used generally, for triggering of the thyristor, one pulse may come every 20 m Sec, pulse width may be 1, 2 or 10mSec, but, pulse will come continuously. 

types of transformer and their uses

 18) Synchronization transformer, 

         In Thyristor converter, It is require a gate pulse, that gate pulse, should be synchronized with AC supply, this is used for that purpose, control circuit connected in secondary, control will generate the pulse, the pulse will come after some delay, from the zero crossing, this has high time accuracy, this is called synchronization transformer, as it is used to synchronize the pulse with ac supply.   

19) open delta transformer, 

       

       This will not have one winding, this is delta connection, I have shown only 2 winding, what happens in this case? if we connect single phase load, in the 3 phase transformer, then to much current unbalance will be there, but current will distribute in this type of transformer, so transformer size will become less, this has very special use, it is not used every where, this is used generally, in testing department of the companies,

power transformer pdf

   

   20) phase shift transformer, 

            This is used in the transmission line, to control power transfer, here, 2 transmission lines are shown In figure, this is single line diagram, both are 3 phase, power flow is P1 and power flow is P2, now if we want to reduce or increase power, we want to reduce power in P1 line, this can be done using this transformer, this is used to shift the power, this power will not go to mix, but power flow  will change.

 21) High impedance transformer, 

      This is normal transformer and a inductor is connected in the primary, some times, this inductor is required, like in the VFD use, then what we do?    

  one single transformer, the impedance of inductor is included inside the transformer, that is called high impedance transformer, this type of the transformer is less costly (including cost of inductor), and total size also becomes less, compare to inductor plus transformer, so this high impedance transformer, is equal to inductor + transformer.

22) Optical powered current transformer, 

      It is used to measured current of high voltage line, this does not have the core or cu winding, there will be optical cable, one side of optical cable will be  to sense current using a transducer, current signal in optical form, comes  at the ground level, here, it is also called optically powered data link, OPDL, this is less costly, this is used now days, this control system is at ground/earth level, this is at high voltage, so current signal at high voltage, can be received at ground level.

 23) Radio frequency transformer 

      These transformer may be small in size and can work at radio frequencies, signal level will be very less.

24) combined instrument transformer, 

     Transformer having CT & PT both, is called combined instrument transformer, this may be used in high voltage, cost may come down space requirement may be less, it has PT & CT both, So, Here we have 2 output,  one out for CT, one output for PT, 

 25) Cast resin transformer,

        Small size CT or PT transformer, will be molded in resin casting, this is fully molded, core etc will not be visible, only external wires are visible, it is protected from moisture or dust, we have used, many transformer like this in our panels, this can be CT, or it can be PT also.

26) Constant voltage transformer, 

      In this transformer, If primary voltage changes, then also output voltage will be constant, but output will not be pure sine wave, some clipping will be there or distorted waveform, this is shunt winding, a capacitor will be there, core , 

27) Scott-T type transformer,

28)  Balun transformer type,

 29) audio transformer type,

    This audio transformer, works for full audio frequency range.

Thank you friends, if you like this article then please share and follow my site.